Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Amputations
摘要
The acquired disability diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) impact millions of people with diabetes mellitus globally. Furthermore, DFU is the leading cause of lower-limp amputations. DFUs stem from impairment of the skin barrier from decreased blood supply caused by atherosclerosis or external traumas not felt or avoided due to decreased sensation from neural damage following peripheral neuropathy or combinations of these two causes aggravated by say skin damage from hyperhidrosis due to nerve damage or altered anatomy of the feet following muscle atrophy or Charcot foot. This can lead to nonhealing wounds often classified by tools like the Wagner Classification. Risk factors include poor glycemic control and neuropathy. Prevention involves foot exams, education, and proper footwear delivered by multidisciplinary teams. Various amputations may be necessary, with complications like delayed healing and infection. Assistive devices are crucial post-amputation. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) show promise in early detection and treatment optimization, but healthcare professionals need training. Interdisciplinary collaboration and education are vital for maximizing AI and ML in DFU management.