Intellectual disability (ID), also referred to as intellectual developmental disorder, is characterized by impairments in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, typically manifesting before age 18. The condition arises from multifactorial causes including genetic, developmental, environmental, and prenatal factors. Globally, ID affects an estimated 1–3% of the population, with prevalence influenced by socioeconomic, healthcare, and environmental factors. Individuals with ID often face substantial health challenges, including epilepsy, mental health disorders, sensory impairments, obesity, cardiovascular and respiratory issues, and behavioral problems. These comorbidities complicate diagnosis, treatment, and long-term health outcomes, while also increasing caregiver burden and social exclusion. Pharmaceutical care plays a pivotal role in addressing these challenges, particularly in managing polypharmacy, monitoring drug safety, supporting adherence, and optimizing therapeutic outcomes. Pharmacist-led interventions such as structured medication reviews, patient and caregiver education, adherence support, and interprofessional collaboration have demonstrated significant benefits in reducing prescription errors, enhancing treatment safety, and improving quality of life. Overcoming barriers such as limited visibility of this population in healthcare systems and inadequate interdisciplinary coordination is essential. A holistic, pharmacist-integrated approach is crucial for advancing equitable, person-centered care in individuals with ID.