Health locus of control (HLOC) is a psychological construct that refers to an individual’s belief about the extent to which their health is controlled by internal factors (self-responsibility) or external factors (such as healthcare professionals, chance, or fate). The Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLC) is widely used to assess three dimensions of HLOC: internal (IHLOC), chance (CHLOC), and powerful others (PHLOC). Research has shown that IHLOC is generally associated with better health outcomes, health-promoting behaviors, and improved management of chronic conditions. In contrast, external health locus of control (EHLOC), particularly when attributed to chance or fate, is linked to poorer health outcomes and less engagement in health-promoting behaviors. The relationship between HLOC and disability is complex and may vary based on individual circumstances and specific health conditions. However, HLOC plays a significant role in the adjustment to disability, well-being, and social reintegration, including capacity for work for individuals with disabilities. HLOC is influenced by various factors, including demographic, cultural, and psychological factors, and can be highly variable over time. Due to its impact on health outcomes, HLOC has become a target of numerous preventative strategies and clinical interventions, ranging from public action addressing healthcare access to cognitive, educational, physical, and mindfulness-based interventions.