Poverty is a childhood adversity. The majority of research studies use a unidimensional (e.g., income) approach to capturing poverty in a family, neighborhood, or country. There is a growing use of multidimensional approaches in representing poverty in social and health-related studies. The multidimensional approach used may vary. It is well established that poverty is associated with a higher magnitude of reported psychopathology in children and adults. Albeit, there is a dearth yet growing literature using multidimensional poverty measures as an exposure. This entry provides an introduction to multidimensional poverty, how it is measured or represented in studies, and the challenges of measuring multidimensional poverty. Finally, the entry acknowledges the complexity of poverty as a confounder in epidemiological studies, the current available studies examining the association between multidimensional poverty and child psychopathology, and finally some key considerations for social and health researchers when contributing to this field.