Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder typically diagnosed during childhood which is characterized by moderate to severe impairment in the performance of coordinated movements. While public awareness of it may not be high, it is estimated that DCD affects 5–6% of children between age 5 and 11, with great implications on their physical and mental well-being which persist into adolescence and adulthood. This text provides the reader with a brief general introduction to DCD: how it is diagnosed, different hypotheses on its etiology, its presentation in children and adults, common comorbidities, and potential therapeutic approaches. It is crucial to note that the implications of the motor difficulties which constitute a hallmark feature of DCD go beyond the sheer inability to perform age-appropriate activities of daily living (ADLs). In fact, the motor symptoms of DCD indirectly lead children and adults with this disorder to experience major difficulties on a social, academic, and professional level. As DCD is often found in concomitance with other neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism-spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), special attention is also given to specific comorbidities and how they may aggravate the degree of impairment and suffering caused by DCD itself. Lastly, the reader is provided with a broad introduction to available interventions for DCD.