Bioelectromagnetic Dosimetry: Simulating Electromagnetic Fields intheHuman Body

Bioelectromagnetic dosimetry is used to determine the electromagnetic fields in a biological body (human, animal, or experimental phantom) from devices that are far from the body (plane-wave exposures), near the body (near-field exposures), or inside the body (implantable medical devices). From simplified models (spheres, cylinders, layered planes) representing the human body, advances in commercially available radiofrequency devices (cell phones, in particular) and the availability of ever more computing power have led to the development of detailed simulations based on anatomical millimeter-resolution models. Dosimetry adds to our overall understanding of how electromagnetic fields interact with the body and how to design devices that take advantage of these interactions. Opportunities for progress in dosimetry will follow new device designs and applications, integrating advanced multiphysics simulations for design and optimization with rapid prototyping and test equipment.