Models and Frameworks for Advanced Practice Nursing (APN)

Advanced practice nursing (APN) has developed over many decades, beginning in English speaking countries such as the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the UK, and the Republic of Ireland, it is now developing worldwide. Advance practice nursing describes the various roles and interventions carried out by advanced practice nurses to influence clinical health care outcomes for individuals, families, and diverse populations (International Council of Nurses 2020). Role developments may vary, depending on the level of country-specific regulations, organisational readiness in practice, and educational standards. Frameworks for advanced practice nursing exist to guide individual practitioners, organisations, and countries. The aim of the chapter is to not only provide a comprehensive literature review but also provide examples of existing frameworks which promote a common understanding, define advanced practice nursing, support role delineation, and optimise role implementation and evaluation.