Orbital Injury – Anatomical Based Reconstruction

Orbital trauma is common following a variety of mechanisms of injury and produces stereotypical fracture patterns with predictable short, medium and long term signs and symptoms. Long term complications of these injuries include diplopia, orbital dystopia, and enophthalmos, these can be minimised by rapid and accurate diagnosis and anatomical repair. The chapter discusses the aetiology of these injuries together with presenting features which indicate definitive radiological investigation and to definitively diagnose and treatment plan management. The selection of reconstructive material is discussed according to risk adjusted indications. The complexity of the surgical intervention has led to the development of several technical innovations such as prefabricated titanium plates, computer aided design plates, endoscopic assistance and surgical navigation. These are discussed. Post operative recovery and review strategy according to injury pattern is also considered.