Navigation in Orbital Surgery

Use of (neuro)navigation in orbital surgery was first described in 2006 following the development of frameless neuronavigation systems, such as optical and electromagnetic systems. Since this first description in literature the field of indications has expanded significantly ranging from orbital reconstruction following trauma and orbital decompression surgery to surgery on the lacrimal drainage system and tumour resection. It is thought that use of navigation in orbital surgery leads to improved accuracy and greater safety during surgery. In addition, it reduces operating time once one becomes familiar with the system and can be used for educational purposes. However, navigation can never replace anatomical knowledge and surgical experience, and high costs are involved. New techniques, such as augmented reality, could complement current navigation systems in the future.