Congenital Orbital Disorders

Congenital diseases of the orbit may be localised to the bony orbit itself, or secondary to an embryonal malformation of the eye or surrounding structures. Care must be made to assess the visual potential of each eye within the orbit and to consider orbital imaging if an aid to diagnosis is necessary. Orbital malformations can be associated with syndromic and non-syndromic craniosynostosis. These developmental anomalies, in addition to other periocular malformations, may imperil visual development as a child ages. They can manifest in the form of strabismus, ptosis, or frank orbital dystopia. Surgical intervention may be necessary to preserve visual development and facial symmetry.