Civil Liberties III: (Property and Economic Rights, Educational Rights, Art and Science, Asylum)

The reader is introduced to the design of constitutional civil liberties clauses relating to Property and Economic Rights, Educational Rights, Arts and Science and Asylum. The freedom of economic activity—which includes the freedom of profession and freedom of establishment is a manifestation of the free development of one’s personality and autonomy. The right to freely choose and take up an occupation may be restricted by legal reservations justified by the public interest. The right to education usually comprises school education, but also includes technical and vocational training as well as university education. Another civil liberty is found in the freedom of art and science and teaching. The chapter concludes with aspects of the right to immigration and expulsion, noting that there is no general obligation in international law to permit immigration. The expulsion of foreigners by contrast is subject to substantial limitations and procedural safeguards in human rights law.