The Evaluation of the Wooden Structural System in Hijazi Heritage Building via Heritage BIM

The historic district of Jeddah city has a unique traditional building structural system known as the Hijazi style. The structure system of historic Jeddah buildings is based on load-bearing walls and through a unique horizontal load distribution wooden system known as the "Tkalil" system. Moreover, exact identification of this Hijazi building style deficiency necessitates information besides familiarity through the original structural system, as well as the construction method of the Hijazi building style. This can be combined through an advanced scientific method for exploration. This paper will focus on evaluating the Tkalil structural system based on 3D laser scanning and Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM) techniques, through different case studies of the historical building in historic Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, the traditional construction technique for historic buildings in historic is multiple-leaf coral-stone masonry load-bearing walls. Moreover, there are several structural deficiencies patterns in these heritage walls which can lead to instability of these heritage buildings structures, as well as the degradation of the structural condition of these heritage buildings' foundations, as well as the flat timber ceilings. Indeed, using advanced techniques for data acquisition (Photogrammetry and 3D laser scanning), then analysing these data via the BIM platform can help to understand the core issues of these heritage buildings before applying any solutions. The 3D laser scanning will provide very detailed and accurate 3D point cloud models. These models will be the base for the heritage BIM models to be evaluated and to indicate the stability of these heritage structural systems.