Dysmorphic Syndromes with Joint Stiffness

Arthrogryposis is a common sign in a great number of syndromes, characterized by alterations of the para- and periarticular soft parts, more rarely, of the bone heads, sometimes associated with compromise of the regional musculature. The fetus/newborn has a reduction of joint movements, which can be partially or totally lost. In prenatal life arthrogryposis determines clubfoot, clubhand, polyhydramnios, and reduced fetal movement. The most common syndromes of these groups are arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, distal arthrogryposis, arthrogryposis with deafness, auriculo-osteodysplasia, digito-talar dysmorphism, disease of multiple synostoses, Kuskokwim disease, syndesmodysplastic dwarfism, Antley-Bixler syndrome, Freeman-Sheldon syndrome, German syndrome, Gordon syndrome, Jacobs syndrome, Marden-Walker syndrome, and Moore-Federman syndrome.