Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging

In this chapter, we will cover the principles of operation of spatial frequency domain imaging techniques and how this modality has been applied to the non-invasive quantification of tissue properties. This is a diffuse reflectance technique that can separate and quantify the optical properties of turbid media, such as tissue (i.e., absorption and reduced scattering coefficients), and then interpret these properties in terms of function through absorption (e.g., hemoglobin concentration and oxygenation, water fraction, etc.) and structure through scattering. Several design considerations and implementations will be discussed that employ SFDI techniques to target spatial characteristics, temporal dynamics, and spectral analysis of tissue, based on current hardware and technologies available.