Intraoperative Selection of the Lymphatic Vessels

Visualization of lymphatic vessels using ultrasound and optical coherence tomography without using any contrast medium in a region masked by dermal backflow pattern of indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography is useful for selecting appropriate lymphatic vessels for lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) not only preoperatively but also intraoperatively. This chapter will outline the indications for intraoperative selection of the lymphatic vessels for “next level” LVA.