Indicators of Human Capital Sustainability in Modern Societies: Principles of Cross-Country Comparison

As a factor not only of the level of economic development, but also a criterion (predictor) of the modern state economic stability, human capital has its own dynamism and mobility. The paper proposed the author's methodology to assess the human capital sustainability of a society based on macroeconomic (employment, standards of living), demographic (population growth, migration rate) and socio-economic (human development index, fairness of the national system of income and benefits distribution) indices (that are available at World Bank). The application of this methodology made it possible not only to determine the level of human capital sustainability in countries and regions of the world in 2001–2019, but also to determine the dynamics of its changes, critical points—factors that most determine the development of the country’s human capital. This allowed us to draw a number of conclusions regarding directions of state policy modernization in order to preserve, maintain and rationally use human capital in the context of countries’s inevitable transition to a sustainable economy.