Theoretical Substantiation of Optimal Sprinkler Parameters and Experimental of Their Impact on the Quality of the Rain Being Sprayed

The study discusses the process of interaction of the water flow with the structural elements of the sprinkler. The trajectories of movement of hydraulic jets are determined for different values of the angle of departure. The obtained calculated dependencies and the values of the given parameters were used in the design of sprinklers with curvilinear deflectors, determination of the distance between the drainage systems and the diameters of the sprinkler nozzles for the wide-grip sprinkler machines “KASKAD”. When conducting experimental studies, the task was to select the modes of operation of sprinklers within the specified limits of intensity and diameter of drops to ensure environmentally friendly gentle irrigation. The dependences of the rain spray radius on the diameter of the sprinkler nozzle, the average and instantaneous intensity on the flow rate and the nozzle diameter, and the change in the average diameter of the drops with an increase in the relative spray radius were experimentally determined. Low-intensity watering is provided by low-flow sprinklers with a nozzle diameter of up to 10 mm. Increasing the pressure in the machine's piping will improve the even distribution of rain and reduce the size of droplets. Theoretical and experimental studies made it possible to develop a methodology for calculating and selecting the design parameters of sprinklers, to select a range of products for various operating conditions and operating modes. With an increase in the diameter of the sprinkler nozzle from 3 to 15 mm and the pressure from 0.1 to 0.35 MPa, the flow rate increases from 0.1 to 4.5 l/s. The maximum radius with an increase in the nozzle diameter from 3 to 15 mm at a pressure of 0.3 MPa changes from 4.5 to 13 m. At a pressure of up to 0.2 MPa, the recommended distance between the taps for sprinklers is 3.0 m; At a pressure from 0.2 to 0.6 MPa, the distance between the taps for sprinklers is 3.5 m.