Evaluating Soft Spring Wheat Varieties (Triticum Aestivum L.) of Far Eastern Breeding Origin with the Use of Molecular Markers

The comparative evaluation of soft spring wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) of Russian Far Eatern and foreign breeding origin was carried out using molecular markers. The research goal was to study the genetic diversity of the soft spring wheat varieties employing microsatellite DNA-markers for the differentiation and evaluation of genetic differences in order to use obtained results in future breeding programs. The SSR-analysis revealed genetic distances between the soft spring wheat varieties and allowed the construction of a phylogenetic tree, which demonstarated the genotype clustering based on the studied DNA-markers. The analysis of the genetic distances between the varieties showed that the studied sample was highly polymorphic. The genetic distances within the analized sample ranged from 0.0198 between varieties Primorskaya 14 and Primorskaya 21 to 0.4978 between varieties Long 98-4081 and Nobeoka bozu. The greatest distances were noted between the following varieties originated in Primorsky kray: Primorskaya 39 and Long 98-4081 (0.3209), Primorskaya 40 and Long 98-4081 (0.4055), Primorskaya 40 and Long 82 2124 (0.4661); originated in Khabarovsky kray: Khabarovchanka and Long 98-4081 (0.4353), Khabarovchanka and Long 82-2124-1 (0.4353); originated in Amur oblast: Dal’GAU 1 and Long 82-2124-1, Dal’GAU 2 and Long 82-2124-1 (0.4353). Varieties Long 82-2124-1 (Vietnam), Long 98-4081 (China), and Nobeoka bozu (Japan), which are used in hybridization as parental pairs, stood out as possessing a complex of economically important traits.