Growth and Development of Spring Triticale Plants at Different Sowing Dates

The basis for the work was: triticale is a new grain forage crop, there is no data on the study of the timing of sowing of its varieties in the Amur Region. Purpose—to study the effect of sowing time on the growth, development and productivity of various varieties of spring triticale in the region. The experiment was carried out in 2014–2016 on the experimental field of the Far Eastern State Agrarian University. The soil is meadow-chernozem-like. A two-factor field experiment included factor A sowing dates: April 15 (control), April 22 (control), April 29 and May 5, and factor B varieties: Yarilo—standard, Ukro (St) and Carmen. At the end of April, the most favorable thermal and water regimes of the soil for the germination of grain and seedlings of triticale develop. The highest field germination rate is 87%, the leaf area of the Yarilo variety is 30.4 thousand m2/ha, Ukro—37.2 and Carmen—33.0 m2/ha, and plant safety of 80% by the time of harvest of all varieties is ensured by the sowing date—April 29. The correlation between leaf area and yield is strong positive rxy = 0.833. The processes of plant growth and development that make up productivity are interdependent. The yield is determined by meteorological conditions during the growing season of triticale varieties and the choice of the optimal sowing time. The high grain yield is provided by the triticale varieties Yarilo—2.26 t/ha, Ukro—2.61 and Karmen—2.23 t/ha when sown on April 29.