Virtual Power Plants for Smart Grids Containing Renewable Energy

This chapter aims to present the optimal models of a VPP and the challenges and solutions to its implementation. First, it provides an introduction to applications of a VPP in Smart Grids and describes the definition and components of a VPP by using examples from the real world. Then, it presents the other applications of VPPs in using EVs and in power system security to cover different applications of a VPP. Next, it includes a brief review of optimization and scheduling problems faced by VPPs participating in electricity markets. Finally, it targets the application of a VPP in transportation systems, including electric vehicles. The chapter concludes with the presented contents and possible future research in this field of study by clarifying the book’s scope in smart grids and renewable energy.