Quantum Register and Data Processing, Entanglement, the Bell States, and EPR Paradox

After learning the basic linear algebra in the previous “steps”, we are ready to appreciate the power of quantum register and quantum data processing easily in this “step”. In this chapter, we will gain a better appreciation of how the computing power and information volume increase exponentially with the number of qubits. We will introduce entanglement and the Bell states. Bell states are two-qubit states that cannot be formed by a simple tensor product of two one-qubit states. We will also describe the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) paradox to understand why Einstein thought quantum mechanics was incomplete.