Management of Deep Cervical Space Infections

Infections of deep cervical spaces represent a significant clinical challenge in oral and maxillofacial surgery due to their potential for rapid progression and life-threatening complications. A thorough understanding of the complex anatomy of suprahyoid and infrahyoid compartments is essential for effective diagnosis and management. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the clinical evaluation process, emphasizing the role of advanced imaging (CT and MRI) in identifying infection sources and planning surgical interventions. Management strategies focus on a multidisciplinary approach, combining early empiric antibiotic therapy—often involving penicillin derivatives with beta-lactamase inhibitors—with timely surgical drainage when necessary. Specific surgical techniques, including external, transoral, and endoscopic drainage, are discussed alongside critical considerations for airway management. Furthermore, the chapter explores severe complications such as mediastinitis, sepsis, and necrotizing fasciitis, underscoring the necessity of rigorous postoperative follow-up. Ultimately, successful outcomes depend on prompt intervention, specialist collaboration, and attentive patient preparation to mitigate risks in these complex cases.