Pain is a common concern in oral and maxillofacial surgery and can significantly affect function, recovery, and quality of life. This chapter reviews pain management strategies for odontogenic and nonodontogenic pain conditions relevant to oral surgery, including temporomandibular disorders, infections, trigeminal neuralgia, alveolar osteitis, benign and malignant pathology, trauma, and postoperative pain. Conservative, pharmacological, and surgical approaches are discussed, including manual therapy, occlusal splints, botulinum toxin, arthrocentesis, antimicrobial therapy, anticonvulsants, local wound management, multimodal analgesia, and opioid-based regimens when indicated. The chapter also emphasizes the importance of recognizing pain as a potential sign of serious underlying disease, postoperative complications, or recurrence in head and neck cancer patients.