Congenital and acquired cranio-maxillofacial skeleton bone defects are growing global oral health disorders. Unlike small-sized injuries, critical-sized damages are hardly reconstructed through spontaneous healing processes and thus require external surgical intervention. Tissue engineering is a novel interdisciplinary field, which has shown the most promising results in the regeneration of human tissue/organ lost disorders compared to conventional grafting procedures. Three essential components, including scaffolds, cells, and signaling molecules, constitute the triad of tissue engineering. This brilliant reconstructive strategy in the region of cranio-maxillofacial bone deformities and injuries aims to repair the damages following trauma, cancer surgeries, and congenital defects with more accessibility, good efficacy, minimizing the complications, and overcoming the limitations in current therapeutical approaches. This chapter aims to describe a brief history and fundamental concepts of bone tissue engineering.