Maxillary Fractures

Maxillary fractures are historically discussed in the reason of the classification what indicate the complexity of the case and the recommended treatment. Renè Le Fort is responsible for the most accepted classification so far. The types fracture types can be classified as Le Fort I, II, or III depending on the location of the fracture lines which result in characteristic pattern, respectively; horizontal fracture of the maxilla; pyramidal fracture of the face; and detachment of the face from the cranium. Clinical signs, such as mobility of the maxilla, nasal complex, and zygomatic arch contribute to the diagnosis. The vision and eye movements should be also evaluated. Additionally, occlusal alteration may help clarify the diagnosis. The most important feature in imaging evaluation is the sphenoid pterygoid process fracture which confirms that one of the fractures is present. Then, to classify the fracture, other imagining signs can be observed, such as zygoma, infraorbital rim, and frontonasal suture. The main treatment management includes the initial care in emergency room, to guarantee the stability of the patient; ensuring the dental occlusion; and proper bone reduction with or without fixation. Moreover, similarly, other facial fractures and complications can occur and need special vigilance in the follow-up.