Open Innovation and Governance Models in Public Sector: A Systematic Literature Review

Innovation in the public sector coincided with different waves of administrative reforms which can be due to technological change, restructuring, and Open Innovation (OI). The OI process revolves around new forms of knowledge inflows and outflows that accelerate interior innovation and expand the markets for the external use of innovation. OI within the public sector is an umbrella term that describes processes, outcomes, and business models of a new form of innovation creation. The Gulf Cooperation Council Countries (GCC) vision is framed around innovation and transformation of the public sector to ensure competitiveness. The significance of this research stems from its contribution to explore the factors and outcomes of innovation in the public sector within different regions. This review outlined key thematic angles, models, factors, and research methods of OI and innovation outcomes in public sector. The systematic review included 191 articles extracted from Google scholar, Scopus, and ScienceDirect data bases, that were published from 1990 to 2022. The existing research shows there were limited publications in this domain in the Middle East and GCC. This paper attempts to shed light on the enablers for fostering public sector innovation through harnessing OI. The findings of this review contribute to framing PSI and OI in the digital era.