A Systematic Literature Review on Station Area Integrating Micromobility in Europe: A Twenty-First Century Transit-Oriented Development

The increasing popularity of the bicycle, coupled with the emerging new micromobility solutions, such as personal electric micro-vehicles or sharing systems, calls for renewed attention to the smart urban and transport planning strategy advocated by the conventional Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) model. These personal and shared mobility devices constitute an opportunity to enhance accessibility to the public transport network, leading to a TOD vision revisited by the contribution of individual light modes. Given the relatively recent and extensive documentation related to micromobility and public transport integration, a systematic literature review was undertaken to reflect the state of research literature on the redefinition of the TOD perimeter by micromobility, with a focus on the European context. Nineteen of the 3955 articles recorded met the inclusion criteria specified in the methodology protocol. The analyzed papers clearly highlight TOD boundaries extended to about 3 km, suggesting the redistribution of variables toward residential and cycling-friendly areas beyond the first walking kilometer. This chapter uncovers gaps in existing academic literature, with the near absence of Eastern and Southern Europe case studies, innovative micromobility options such as private or shared electric bikes and scooters, impact assessment on neighborhoods, and the application of qualitative research methods.