The Other Microbiome: Oral Microbiota and Cardiometabolic Risk

Over the last decade and following technological advances, particularly in the high-throughput analysis of “omics,” the relationship between microbiota and the host has not yet been fully recognized and despite progress in the pathophysiological understanding of cardiometabolic diseases. These pathologies are still the first cause of mortality worldwide with a disease morbidity rate remaining unacceptably high. The link between intestinal microbiota and cardiometabolic risks is well extended and developed, unlike the role of the oral microbiota (2nd most important microbiota in the human body) and more precisely the dysbiosis of this microbiota causing these complications still remains, not fully defined. In this chapter, we will talk about the link between oral microbiota and cardiometabolic diseases, with a first part on the dysbiosis of the oral microbiota and in particular periodontal disease; a second mechanistic part of this dysbiosis contributing to these complications and finally a last part on potential prevention and treatment strategies (prebiotic, probiotics, etc.).