The three main constitutional and political challenges that pertain to natural resource management, according to Haysom[aut]Haysom, N. and Kane[aut]Kane, S. (2009), are the following: (1) who owns the resources; (2) how to manage, control, or regulate the resources; and (3) how to divide up the revenues from the resources. The three primary obstacles, as they pertain to Canada and Nigeria, will be the subject of this chapter and the one that follows.