Climate change is triggering changes in precipitation and temperature, more frequent natural disasters, and declining economic productivity in Nigeria. Nigeria has vast natural (eco)system endowment capable of delivering multiple ecosystem services and climate mitigation and adaptation opportunities through nature-based solutions (NbS). Content analyses of national policies showed that Nigeria’s policy environment is weak regarding enabling uptake of NbS. Only the Climate Change Act 2021 and Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) specifically recognized NbS as management option. Few others like Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+) Strategy (2019) and Agriculture Promotion Policy (2016) mentioned NbS-related concepts like ecosystem-based adaptation. Policy barriers to adoption of NbS include: improper agenda setting; lack of economic valuation; poor strategic leadership to permit coordination and long-term monitoring. Some enablers include: up-scaling the gains and co-benefits of REDD+ and NbS-related concepts implemented in Nigeria; integrating NbS in the recently approved National Parks and Energy Transition frameworks; and benefiting from carbon pricing regimes on ecosystem services. Nigeria could activate NbS mitigation and adaptation tools to meet NDC commitments by remedying the barriers and exploiting the enablers such as developing a Pilot National Climate Change Action Plan as required in the Climate Change Act, building institutional capacities for NbS long-term monitoring, and creating mechanism for quality assurance.