The world’s efforts to combat the climate change crisis through initiatives that are feasible, cost-effective, and sustainable have drawn more attention to nature-based solutions (NbS). Various definitions of NbS in the multidisciplinary literature all submit that the essence of NbS is to use nature’s resources to meet human needs optimally while safeguarding the health and integrity of the resources, also known as life support systems (LSS). These are land, air, water, flora, and fauna. Climate is influenced by, and in turn influences, the LSS. Healthy LSS and climate are both natural resources and critical human needs. They enable human life and all life forms and their activities. NbS are possible only from healthy LSS and climate. This chapter contends that, given the impacts of both anthropogenic and stochastic activities on the LSS, ensuring the resilience of the resources is critical for optimizing NbS, and planning the resilience of the resources, i.e., ecological resilience planning, is most appropriately a grassroots planning function. What are the issues highlighted in the literature as gaps in the use of NbS to mitigate climate change and address various human needs? What are the justifications for the proposal in this chapter for a grassroots governance system to plan for ecological resilience in order to optimize NbS? This chapter uses evidence-based and desktop research methods to answer these questions, to preview the extant status of NbS discourse and practice, and to prescribe and rationalize a grassroots governance system for ecological resilience planning. The chapter concludes that, with a responsive governance system, NbS have the potential to mitigate climate change and to address various other human needs. The chapter identifies the key actors in such a governance system, and their pertinent roles and responsibilities.