Urban agriculture (UA) is increasingly being recognized as a sustainable development and urban planning strategy. However, its promotion has mainly focused on large cities, with limited adoption in small towns, despite these towns facing various environmental and social challenges that affect their societal functioning. This chapter aims to address this gap by investigating the potential of urban agriculture as a nature-based solution (NbS) to tackle ecological, social, and economic challenges in small towns. We assert that urban agriculture promises to mitigate the extreme impacts of climate change while offering various benefits, including enhancing well-being, strengthening connections between people and nature, and ensuring a local supply of fresh produce that contributes to developing sustainable and resilient communities. We offer insights from two case studies from small towns in the Seine Valley in northwestern France: Rives-en-Seine and Duclair. However, different in size, these towns have in common exhibiting robust ecological elements that decades of spatial transformations have caused their degradation and reinforced their vulnerability to climate change-induced hazards, such as increased heatwaves, floods from rising river levels, erosive runoffs, and water quality deterioration. Our methodology is rooted in an interactive workshop that engages diverse stakeholders from these towns, including residents, academics, and students with architecture and environmental engineering backgrounds. The objective is to explore how urban agriculture, in its various forms like micro-farms, community gardens, and edible forests, could be researched and considered for their potential impacts and benefits to be fully reinforced, governed, and understood in light of small towns’ socio-ecological challenges.