Climate change presents a formidable threat to global food security, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, with Nigeria’s North-East region facing acute challenges due to erratic rainfall, rising temperatures, and extreme weather events. This review explores the potential of crop nature-based approaches as effective strategies for climate change mitigation and adaptation within this region. The study synthesizes existing literature on practices such as agroforestry, cover cropping, and the use of indigenous crop varieties, assessing their effectiveness in enhancing agricultural resilience and promoting sustainable farming. Empirical evidence indicates that these approaches not only improve soil health and water conservation but also contribute to increased crop yields and biodiversity. However, the review highlights significant barriers to the widespread adoption of these strategies, including limited access to information, financial resources, and technical support. It highlights the need for targeted interventions and policies that empower local farmers to implement these practices. Ultimately, the findings advocate for a collaborative effort among policymakers, researchers, and agricultural stakeholders to facilitate the transition toward nature-based agricultural systems, thereby safeguarding food security and promoting sustainable development in the face of ongoing climate challenges.