Numerical Simulation of Droplet Impingement by Lagrangian Methods

In this chapter, the Lagrangian method for water droplet collection computation is discussed. The method is briefly introduced, its basic theory reviewed, and its various classifications detailed. The advanced simulation technics used in modern icing codes are then introduced, such as effective velocity field interpolation in a finite volume framework, droplet trajectory tracking, and the calculation of water collection efficiency ( β) for complex 3-D geometries. Applications to airfoils, wings, aircraft, engines, and Supercooled Large Droplet (SLD) conditions are then presented and a comparison made between the Lagrangian and Eulerian methods, with conclusions drawn.