Digital Transformation and System Interoperability in EU Seaports: A Platform Facilitating Supply Chain in the Cruise Industry

Digital technology is a driving factor in contemporary businesses. It’s a dynamic and transformative force, which alters all areas of organizations, including how they get organized and deliver value to customers. It facilitates adaptation, continuous improvement, new processes, innovativeness, development of new products and the invention of disruptive business models (Porter & Heppelmann, 2014; Thrassou et al., 2022a). As a result, increasing digitization is rightly known as ‘Digital Transformation’. However, while digital transformation is a way of progress for many businesses, not all organizations are ready to adopt its requirements and overcome its barriers (Shahi & Sinha, 2021). Existing infrastructure, knowhow and workers’ skills differ from country to country. Therefore, technology diffusion takes place at different times and speeds in different parts of the world (Szabo et al., 2020).