Pumping and Compression Stations of Pipelines

It is not possible to transport fluids through pipelines using only gravity as the driving force. Additionally, the pressure applied at the entrance to the pipeline decreases along the way, due to losses caused by friction and possible restrictions and, more specifically in the case of liquids, differences in elevations. In order to supply the necessary power to transport fluids in pipelines and due to technical impossibility of concentrating all pumping or compression efforts on the initial entrance of the pipeline, pumping and compression systems are applied at the initial station – the beginning of the pipeline, as well as in intermediate compression or pumping systems along its length (Compression and Pumping Stations). This chapter presents an overview of the role and characteristics of pumping and compression installations for pipeline transport purposes, without intending to deplete the subject, but with the objective of providing a broad and comprehensive view of it. In this way, it will address: main equipment used – driving and driven machines (including its principal characteristics), equipment arrangement and selection, accessory systems and other components of these installations, automation and control systems applied, and the main operation and maintenance aspects.