Graphitic Carbon Nitride and Their Derivatives

Ultrathin two-dimensional materials have recently received attention among material researchers and scientists for use in a wide variety of applications. Among these, carbon nitride (C3N4) is a two-dimensional material with prominent physical, chemical, and electronic properties. It is a polymeric material that holds carbon and nitrogen with superior hardness, wear resistance, electronic and catalytic features, etc. A detailed study regarding these C3N4 materials is necessary to compete with the current demand in research and development. Here in the present chapter, we deal with the features of C3N4, more specifically graphitic-C3N4 (g-C3N4). The g-C3N4 has electron-rich features, surface functionality, and binding properties. We provide information regarding the electrical, mechanical, optical, and magnetic properties of this C3N4, in order to explain how these properties meet its applications. In addition, the various synthesis methods that exist for C3N4, such as exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition, etc., are explained in detail. By taking into consideration the properties, we explain the different applications of C3N4 in the field of rechargeable batteries, solar cells, hydrogen evolution reaction, and bio-medical applications. With respect to these applications held by C3N4 materials, we proclaim that C3N4 derivatives are prominent candidates for a multitude of applications in the future.