Cryptographic Primitives

Blockchain is a promising and growing technology for providing reliable and secure decentralized solutions. Nevertheless, it encounters many research challenges. Some of the main challenges in the blockchain are smart contract management, key management, and further improvements in security, privacy, and scalability. These challenges can be addressed by leveraging suitable and efficient cryptographic primitives. Therefore, this chapter aims to investigate and present a brief description of cryptographic primitives employed in the blockchain. Additionally, for each cryptographic primitive, a few research problems are also postulated that can be of independent interest.