In-Situ Remedies

In situ remedies refer to processes that treat mine drainage at the source, whether directly adding amendments as in-pit treatments or backfilling old mining pits to create in situ bioreactors (e.g., saturated rock fills). In-pit treatments can be further subdivided by the following amendment types and removal mechanisms: alkaline; adsorptive; biological, or mixed treatments. This section will outline the mechanisms of each technique, current research in their subfield, literature gaps and potential methods to advance each field, with a focus on waste by-products.