The increase in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Uganda mirrors the rise in the prevalence of risk factors of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). This trend has been driven by shifts in dietary habits, sedentary lifestyles, and rapid urbanization in recent years. This chapter looks at metabolic syndrome, its prevalence at both the regional and national levels, and its public health significance. It investigates waist circumference, a cost-effective anthropometric measure used to assess abdominal obesity and MetS. It links waist circumference and MetS and postulates that waist circumference measurement can play a significant role in the screening, early identification, and prevention of MetS in low-resource settings such as Uganda that have limited access to advanced diagnostic tools for assessing metabolic risk. However, despite its potential, waist circumference has seen limited use in both community and primary care settings. Additionally, global and national strategies to combat MetS and NCDs are highlighted. Future research and policy considerations as well as context-specific pragmatic recommendations for addressing MetS and NCDs are also provided.