In Saudi Arabia, some common traditional practices, such as the consumption of Hareece, Jaraish, and Hassawi rice Kabsa, remain. The carbohydrates from these starchy traditional meals are usually digested and absorbed at a slower rate, resulting in more gradual increases in blood glucose and insulin levels. This favorable effect could be attributed to their high content of nonstarch polysaccharides and the nature of their carbohydrates. Traditionally, the Saudi Arabian population has enjoyed consuming these conventional foods. However, a shift in the dietary habits among the Saudi Arabian population is occurring because of rapid socioeconomic changes that have occurred in recent decades. This is also true of populations who live near Saudi Arabia, including Arab Gulf citizens. Substantial modifications in lifestyle and dietary habits are considered among the main factors that have contributed to the increased numbers of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Saudi Arabia, particularly among Gulf Cooperation Council citizens. Understanding the association between T2DM and dietary habits is crucial for the effective prevention and management of this health issue. Various strategies have been investigated to alleviate the severity of T2DM. One of these strategies focuses on healthy eating habits, which are integral components in the management of T2DM and its complications. Food composition data can help plan special diets for therapeutic purposes, such as for treating diabetes, and these data can be applied in studies of the relationships between diet and diseases. The main goal of this chapter is to highlight dietary habits in the Saudi Arabian population and their associations with the prevalence of T2DM.