This chapter details the significant role that vitamin D plays in bone metabolism and the prevention of disease states due to deficiencies. Vitamin D, a hormone that supports bone health, is a key regulator of calcium homeostasis in the body. Adequate calcium absorption and bone mineralization depend on adequate vitamin D, which if not maintained can lead to bone diseases such as osteoporosis. The elderly can be particularly susceptible to vitamin D insufficiency without vitamin D supplementation. Therefore, government policies mandate the fortification of staple foods to improve vitamin D status and reduce deficiency rates. Local and national interventions—including public health education and fortification of foods—are proven strategies for mitigating vitamin D deficiencies. Public awareness campaigns and community outreach efforts are pivotal to the dissemination of information about the importance of vitamin D. Integrated approaches involving physical activity, dietary measures, food policy interventions, and education can also reduce vitamin D deficiencies and support bone health.