A large number of people suffer from chronic diseases and spend a lot of money every year to treat their diseases. In recent years, attention to lifestyle and public health nutrition has been able to help improve the health of these patients and increase their quality of life. The influence of nutritional inadequacies on chronic diseases is examined at the beginning of this chapter, which also emphasizes the connections between them. It then delves into various levels of disease prevention, providing insights into technical solutions such as the role of functional foods, vitamins, and dietary interventions, alongside paratechnical approaches addressing broader economic and social factors. Finally, the discussion extends to the challenges associated with implementing preventive measures and considers prospects for advancing health strategies at individual and community levels.