As the food system has been responsible for nearly a third of the global greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE), mainly from animal-based foods, it is imperative to implement public policies intended to halt food-related emissions. This chapter explores the characteristics of diet-related GHGE and climate policies aiming to assist policymakers. Policies can follow a production approach, incentivizing sustainable practices, or a consumption approach, restraining the consumption of GHGE-intense foods. The literature indicates that production-based policies should be complemented by consumption-based policies. Given the lack of practical cases, the studies have mostly focused on modeling of carbon taxation. Overall, carbon taxes and carbon-credit trading are the most efficient and effective policies, but both have faced implementation difficulties. The results indicate that carbon taxes should be high to be effective and should be matched by subsidies for high-protein plant-based foods. It is recommended to implement domestic policies and encourage foreign countries to follow suit.