Malnutrition during chemotherapy has profound and far-reaching consequences. The condition reduces treatment tolerance and effectiveness to increasing infection risk and mortality. Early identification and accurate assessment of nutritional status are crucial for timely intervention. This chapter explores the complex issue of malnutrition in chemotherapy patients within the Ghanaian context. It reviews available data on the prevalence and causes of malnutrition, highlighting the consequences such as reduced treatment efficacy and health complications. Methods for assessing nutritional status are discussed, with an emphasis on the importance of early intervention. The chapter also outlines strategies for managing malnutrition, focusing on culturally appropriate nutritional support for chemotherapy patients in Ghana. Finally, it addresses the challenges associated with chemotherapy treatment in this context.