Screening for Malnutrition in Hospitalized Older Populations
摘要
Malnutrition is highly prevalent yet frequently underrecognized in hospitalized older adults (HOA), contributing to poor clinical outcomes, prolonged hospital stays, and higher mortality rates. Systematic screening for malnutrition in all HOA is essential to address this critical issue. While numerous nutritional screening tools (NSTs) exist, their heterogeneity and the lack of a universally accepted gold standard pose challenges in identifying the best option. A pragmatic approach involves starting with a simple, sensitive, and time-efficient NST that does not require complex calculations. Patients identified as at risk should then undergo a more comprehensive nutritional assessment, such as that provided by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria, which enables a more definitive diagnosis. Additionally, the assessment should include screening for related conditions like sarcopenia and frailty, as these significantly impact recovery and long-term health. An interprofessional team comprising physicians, nurses, dietitians, physiotherapists, and social workers is crucial to ensure accurate assessment and continuity of care. Interventions must extend beyond the hospital setting, integrating postdischarge strategies that include social support to address food insecurity and ensure adherence to nutritional recommendations. By implementing during hospital stay a structured, stepwise approach to malnutrition screening and care, healthcare providers can improve outcomes for HOA, enhancing their quality of life and functional independence.