Obesity and anemia are global public health issues that have shown significant increases in incidence over time. Obesity-induced chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, among other pathways, disrupts iron homeostasis. This is associated with the development of iron deficiency, insulin resistance, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and atherosclerosis. This chapter discusses the global prevalence of obesity, anemia, iron balance, and obesity-induced iron dysregulation of iron homeostasis.