Nanotechnology for Checking Surface Immobilization

This chapter is the first of several chapters that address nanotechnology. In the context of this book, the use of nanotech is proposed to both characterize and improve Bio/CMOS interfaces. Here, several nanotechnologies are learned by deeply discussing aims to characterize the quality of the biolayer, defined as the layer of the Bio/CMOS interface dealing with the biosensing probes, obtained onto the working electrodes with the immobilization techniques learned in the previous chapter. In particular, two optical techniques (the resonant mirror and the surface plasmon resonance) are mathematically demonstrated as emerging from the physics of thin optical slices, and their application to the acquisition of yielding trends-in-time are shown. Then, four different subatomic microscopies are introduced, and their application to the acquisition of images of nanoscale materials, macromolecules, and biological cells is also shown.