Surface Immobilization of Probes

This chapter is dedicated to the several methods we may use to immobilize biological macromolecules onto working electrodes as probes to provide selectivity to the Bio/CMOS interfaces. The chapter develops along two main axes. In the first part, several techniques for the molecular assembly of probe macromolecules onto a sensing surface are introduced and discussed in detail. In the second part, several mechanisms of molecular assembly onto a surface are mathematically defined. The aim of this second part is to show how different mechanisms of molecular assembly result in different time trends in molecular yielding. Knowing the math dealing with the different assembly mechanisms paves the way for characterizing the biofunctionalization of Bio/CMOS interfaces, which is learned in the following chapter.