Bio/CMOS Interface for Potentiometric or Impedance Sensing

This is the third chapter also addressing Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS). This book section actually introduces CMOS methods that exploit pontiometric or impedentiometric techniques for driving and reading the biosensors at the Bio/CMOS interface. Initially, the chapter returns to selective membranes for measuring solution ions and to oxidations for measuring the solution pH. Then, the chapter shows simple CMOS architectures for measuring ions or pH by means of a measure of open circuit potentials or transistor currents at the interface. A quite ingenuous approach for sequencing the DNA is proposed as well by means of a local pH measure. Then, the chapter closes by showing the block scheme for CMOS architectures required to implement detection by interface impedance.